Linear Systems Theory	Complexity Theory
Euclidean Geometry	Fractal Geometry
Linear Dynamics—unpredictable behavior only comes from random events (high-dimensional system).	Nonlinear Dynamics: unpredictable behavior can result from internal deterministic interactions of low-dimensional system.
Statistics: high-dimensional systems can be characterized by an average (“ergodic”), eg temperature.	Self-organization: high-dimensional systems can have emergent phenomena, eg fractal structures, adaptive behaviors, and evolution. Non-ergodic.